Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
MD SULTAN MAHMUD

Institutions
University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Abstract
After 1991, especially two political parties (Awami League and Bangladesh Nationalist Party-BNP) come to power by turn through popular elections in Bangladesh. Though they form government as coalition or alliance with other small political parties, but they remain as flag bearers. Unfortunately, the regimes have been marked by indiscriminate politicization of government, semi-autonomous and even autonomous offices and institutions, and by corruption and misrule, violations of state laws, which make the governance weak, conflicting political culture and undemocratic in practice. This study is focused on finding the politics of electoral transition and the nature of political culture in the state. This study also reviews the conflicting issues which are obstacles for democratization of Bangladesh. Finally some recommendations have been pointed for the institutionalization of democracy in Bangladesh.

Keywords
Political Culture, Democracy, Elections and Conflicting Issues

Topic
Conflict and Reconciliation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Za4TL63qhPM7

Corresponding Author
Nurprapti Wahyu Widyastuti

Institutions
Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University

Abstract
The success of the 212 action on 02 December 2016 took place peacefully with the mobilization of millions of Muslims from Indonesia. This action contains a dhikr, speeches from ulama leaders, and closes with Friday prayers at the Monas field, Jakarta. The action requires the Governor of DKI Jakarta to resign from his position. Governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok) is considered to have insulted Muslim because of his statement for a number of people in the Thousand Islands in September 2016 by quoting a verse from the Quran namely Surah Al Maidah verse 51. This is phenomenal event because it was related to the governors turnover period, where Ahok was one of the strong candidates. Ethnic Chinese are a minority but control the Indonesian economy. Ethnic China which has never occupied a strategic position in government has become an issue laden with conflicts of interest. The majority of Muslims do not want political domination by ethnic Chinese and the alignment of the ruling regime and tend to be authoritarian. The act of defending Islam 212 was ultimately a political movement of the majority of Muslims against the domination of the dictators of the ruling regime. After the success of the action 212 which was full of brotherhood and togetherness gave rise to the spirit of unity of Islamic in Indonesia. The emergence of various activities in various fields to maintain the spirit of brotherhood among fellow Islamic is one of the most prominent in the economic field. Now, muslim in Indonesia develop a forum for economic struggle to achieve economic independence of the people. This study aims to see how the act of defending Islam 212 is a trigger for Islamic political and economic resurrection in Indonesia. The study was conducted using the Habermas critical method, where researchers see the power relations in political communication and social structures.

Keywords
Action to defend Islam 212, the rise of Indonesian politics and economy, Islamic politics, Islamic economics

Topic
Conflict and Reconciliation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8yun3ErzfCdQ

Corresponding Author
Yuve Kukuh Sesar

Institutions
Faculty of Political and Social Science, Brawijaya University
Jalan Veteran No. 1 , Malang 65145, Indonesia
* yuvekukuhsesar[at]student.ub.ac.id

Abstract
Dayak people are an indigenous community inhabiting the Island of Borneo. They dub thesmeslves as the native and the inheritee of the islands heritage and culture. Before the intrusion colonial influences they were prosperous and great, but now they are ironically struggling to revive and retrace their ancestral heritage in their own home. This paper seeks to explain and analyze the effort of Dayak community to advocate for their rights and culture by developing a transnational advocacy network called Borneo Dayak Forum International to promote a sustainable living. This network serves as a platform that Dayak people capitalize upon to influence policy-making in nation-states in which Dayak people currently inhabit especially in Kalimantan Island. This paper argues BDFI have played significant role in promoting Dayak people agendas in achieving sustainable living, especially in the realm of the preservation of customary law and protection of indigenous lands.

Keywords
dayak; transnational advocacy network; borneo dayak forum international; sustainable living

Topic
Conflict and Reconciliation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bQhU96HGPTpw

Corresponding Author
Zainul Abidin

Institutions
Indonesia University

Abstract
The development policy of the reclamation area is an important part of spatial city in the urban regime. But The policy of reclamation of the north coast of Jakarta (pantura reclamation) in urban regimes is not almost researched by the scolars. As like, dyanamics of urban regime in spatial city in policy of construction of pantura reclamation of Jakarta. In urban regime theory, that are three typologies of urban regime. First, the instrumental regime. The goal is to realize the program and the motives of the results. Second, the symbolic regime. The typology of this regime discusses and motives for expressive political portrayals. Third, the organic regime. Organic regime to perpetuate the status quo. In urban regimes, the effectiveness of regime policies is influenced by the actions of actors of power in urban regimes. To be effective, governments must blend their capacities with those of various non governmental actors. But the non-government actor as like the developer (businessman) is dominance in policy of pantura reclamation. The dominance of businessmen in the policy of Jakartas pantura reclamation creates a broad political and economic conflict, between society, actors, and the state. So the impact of the dominance of businessmen in policy of urban spatial planning in Jakarta to be not effective. The conclusion in this study supports the theory of the urban regime of Clerence Stone and about Garry Stoker.

Keywords
Urban Regime, Spatial City, Actors, Reclamation.

Topic
Conflict and Reconciliation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9ZaPXcypMLWm

Corresponding Author
Andi Luhur Prianto

Institutions
a) Department of Government Studies, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Indonesia
Jl. Sultan Alauddin No.259 Makassar, Indonesia 90221
*luhur[at]unismuh.ac.id
b) Department of Government Studies, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Pancasakti Makassar, Indonesia
Jl. Jl. Andi Mangerangi No.73, Makassar, Indonesia 90132

Abstract
The wealth of natural resources can be both a blessing and a curse. In various places, the struggle for access to natural resource actually triggers to conflict and violence. This research aims to explore the process of transforming mining conflicts, which involve corporations with local indigenous communities. The gold mining operation that obtained legal permits from the local government was rejected by the local community. This resistance transformed from the social resistance to finally become the political resolution from the local authority. This research was conducted in several individuals and institutions, where they were involved in the resistance movement rejecting gold mining activities in Bonto Katute Village, Sinjai Regency Indonesia. This research is qualitative and data collection through literature studies and field research using observations and interviews and analyzed with interactive models. The results of study showed that the relationship of conflict between the corporation and the local indigenous community was communal level and later developed into a collective movement. The conflict was triggered by the refusal of local indigenous communities to issue mining exploration permits for the corporations, which were considered not transparent and participatory. The change in the strategy of the resistance movement was influenced by efforts to negotiate, mediate and consolidate which were less successful. The strong pressure from the social resistance movement in the form of civil society alliances eventually turned into a political resolution movement, through the decisions of local power institutions.

Keywords
social resistance; political resolition; conflict; mining

Topic
Conflict and Reconciliation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Gbj8BNrPvZfg

Corresponding Author
Sarah Nuraini Siregar

Institutions
Centre of Political Studies
Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Abstract
In 1998, Indonesia began to enter the democratic system. The consequence of democratic system in security field is how to create a professional military and police. In police aspects, it is called Democratic Policing. But to realize it is not easy because the ways of police still dominant with element of violence. This was inseparable from the values and military approaches in Polri during the New Order period. This difficulty occurs when Indonesia faced terrorism cases after the New Order; from Bali Bombings in 2002 until 2018. The trend of terrorism attacks had up and down; starting from suicide bombings until open physical attacks towards public and the police. Various cases of terrorism that occurred in Indonesia and other countries reopened the review of national security. This review consider the relationship between security and national interests where national interests are a matter of state safety. Based on this assumption, the concept of national security develops with two aspects: military approach and state policy. The relevance of this assumption could be seen on May 25, 2018, when DPR officially ratified The Law No.15 /2003 concerning the Criminal Act of Terrorism. This law raises two problems. First, the involvement of the TNI in handling terrorism; second, the freedom of authority granted to Polri. This authority can potentially apply a militaristic approach in handling terrorism cases. These problems made some doubts from human rights activists about Polri-s commitment for abandon militaristic ways as part of efforts to create democratic policing. This paper will examine how the role of Polri in handling terrorism cases during in Joko Widodos government. The review will analyze the role and functions of Polris institution related to the commitment in creating democratic policing on post New Order.

Keywords
police, policy, security, democracy, terroris

Topic
Conflict and Reconciliation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JbApGPyn7BN2

Corresponding Author
Gilang Ramadhan

Institutions
Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Abstract
This research is about how menak reclaim right of landowner from Pemda Sumedang. This case was begin at 1996 when BPN Sumedang set up Land Consolidation (LC) project that must be land acquisition at kelurahan Situ, North Sumedang. In the middle of project there are many mistake in land measurement that resulting in losses of landowners. Not yet over, the project was abandoned until 2010 when local government launching Induk Pusat Pemerintahan Kabupaten Sumedang (IPP) in the same location. Even though the landowner for decades never received a compensation, even utilize their land for farming, business, and build a material when LC and IPP occupy their rights. Obscurity fate of menak that causes them to against Pemda Sumedang for gaining compensation. Therefore this research specifically aims to identify the factors which nurture the resistance movement from among menak, and how it can operated and developed to reach their goals to get compensation. This research is a qualitative research, designed as a descriptive method. I-ts finding that all the loss that held by menak cant move them onto mass movement, caused of many of elder among them, and the fact that menak had no confrontation culture since feodalism era in Indonesia so that menak delegate their affairs to the youngest ancestry Mr Syawaludin to prosecute they matters to Pemda Sumedang in behalf of menak. This movement has messianism characteristic because just rely on a person of menak ancestry who protests against Pemda Sumedang. Menak reclaiming movement can develop until confrontation with Pemda Sumedang moreover still exist for 20 years can-t be separated from menak culture devotion to elders and keeping trusted. The resistance takes direct state organization incluing Komnas HAM, Ombudsman and letter for President, mass media, even through social media.

Keywords
Reclaiming Movement, Messianism, Menak, Land Tenure

Topic
Conflict and Reconciliation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/PMRHtnk97qxJ

Corresponding Author
Abdul Mutolib

Institutions
a) University of Lampung
*corresonding author: amutolib24[at]yahoo.com

b) University of Andalas

Abstract
In the last two decades the rate of deforestation in the Kesatun Pengelolaan Hutan Produksi (Production Forest Management Unit of Dharmasraya/ PFMU Dhrmasraya) is very high. Forest cover has been reduced from 90 percent to 15 percent between 2000 and 2018 in the area of 33,000 ha. This study aims to identify the causes of deforestation and map those who play a role in deforestation in the PFMU Dharmasraya region. The research was conducted in the PFMU Dharmasraya, West Sumatra from January 2015 to August 2017. This research used a qualitative research approach with multiple cases method. Data collection techniques were used includes in-depth interview, field observation, documentation, and secondary data analysis. Informants were identified using snowball sampling. Data analyzed with qualitative methods. The study found that deforestation begun since the concession was given to PT. Ragusa with the area of 66,000 ha in 1972, industrial forest concession (HTI) PT. Inhutani of 40,000 ha in 2002, and forest conversion through large scale plantation which started in 1986 covering 19,966 ha. After the end of timber concession in 2002, there was a vacuum condition of forest management by HTI license holders. The vacuum of forest management leads to deforestation initiated by local communities. Deforestation is caused by forest clearing into plantations by local communities who claims the forests as customary community land. Deforestation is supported by the process of buying and selling of communal land by local people to other parties. Generally, there are four actors who have a role in deforestation, including local people, non-local, government and private actors. They are classified as ulayat land sellers, buyers, and supporters. The four actors have created a social network of deforestation and using the customary structures to gain the recognition of forests ownership.

Keywords
concession, deforestation, customary land, local people

Topic
Conflict and Reconciliation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/KcjRprZ3vFfm

Corresponding Author
Ardli Johan Kusuma

Institutions
a) Department of International Relations, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta, Jl. Sunter Permai Raya, Sunter Agung, Tanjung Priok, Jakarta Utara, DKI Jakarta 14350, Indonesia.
*ardli.johan[at]yahoo.com
b) Department of Political science, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta, Jl. Sunter Permai Raya, Sunter Agung, Tanjung Priok, Jakarta Utara, DKI Jakarta 14350, Indonesia.

Abstract
This study discusses the role of NGOS in the case of Indonesian Humanitarian Alliance for Myanmar (AKIM: Aliansi Kemanusian Indonesia Untuk Myanmar) in handling humanitarian crises experienced by Rohingya ethnic groups in Myanmar. This phenomenon in Myanmar is interesting when NGO S (AKIM) is able to contribute when state actors and IGO S get a blockade from the Myanmar government. In this case NGOS in the pattern of modern international relations is able to show a role that cannot be carried out by the state or international organizations between state governments (IGO-S). The phenomenon shows that NGO S has more access to enter in the settlement of cases of humanitarian crises experienced by Rohingya ethnic groups in Myanmar, after the Myanmar government gave a blockade against other countries and IGO S included denial of the assistance offered by the United Nations. The method used in this study is to use a qualitative paradigm by using a case study strategy to observe the symptoms that occur. While in data collection researchers use study documents or known as librarian research as well as by conducting in-depth interviews with pre-determined sources, who are considered to have the capacity theoretically, as well as practically. After that the data is processed with interpretive analytical techniques to draw conclusions and to formulate the model to be made in this study.

Keywords
NGO-S; Rohingya ethnic; Humanitarian crisis; Pattern of Modern International Relations

Topic
Conflict and Reconciliation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xmY2Z3UzfjT6